Guidelines for Keeping a Lab Notebook

Guidelines for Keeping a Lab Notebook A lab notebook is the primary permanent record of your research and experiments. Note that if you are taking an AP Placement lab course, you need to present a suitable lab notebook in order to get AP credit at most colleges and universities. Here is a list of guidelines that explains how to keep a lab notebook. Notebook Must Be Permanently Bound It should not be loose-leaf or in a 3-ring binder. Never tear a page out of the lab notebook. If you make a mistake, you can cross it out, but you should not remove sheets or parts of sheets from your book. When you cross out an error, it should still be legible. You should be  explaining the reason for the strikethrough and you should initial and date it. To that point, it is not acceptable to take notes in pencil or erasable ink. Keep Everything Legible and Organized Organization is key to a good lab book. Print your name, contact info, the date and other pertinent information on the cover of the lab book.  Some lab books require you to enter some of this information on every page of the book. If your book is not pre-numbered, number every page. Usually, numbers are located in the upper outer corner and both the front and back of each page is numbered. Your labor instructor may have a rule regarding numbering. If so, follow their instructions. Its also a good idea to reserve the first couple of pages for a Table of Contents. To keep everything organized and simplified, start a fresh page for each experiment. Be Precise in Your Record Keeping This is a record of the lab work you have done during the semester or year, so it needs to be thorough. For each experiment, record the date(s) and list lab partners, if applicable. Record all information real-time. Dont wait to fill in the information. It may be tempting to record data elsewhere and then transcribe it into your lab notebook, usually because it would make the notebook neater, but its important to record it immediately. Include charts, photos, graphs and similar information in your lab notebook. Usually, youll tape these in or include a pocket for a data chip. If you must keep some data in a separate book or other location, note the location in your lab book and cross-reference it with the relevant lab book page numbers wherever the data is stored. Dont leave gaps or white space in the lab book. If you have a big open space, cross it out. The purpose of this is so no one can go back in and add false details at a later date.

How to Resolve Awkward Identifying Descriptions

How to Resolve Awkward Identifying Descriptions How to Resolve Awkward Identifying Descriptions How to Resolve Awkward Identifying Descriptions By Mark Nichol Writers often fail to note that a phrase they have constructed to describe a person, place, or thing- one that involves two parallel components, or one component subordinate to another, in sequence- can result in unwieldy strings of nouns functioning as adjectives leading up to a key noun. In each of the following sentences, following a discussion of the problem, such a train of stacked adjectives is uncoupled and rearranged for improved readability in one or more revisions. 1. â€Å"Our idea and concept was to build a small place to entertain our friends and to have some foodies and chef friends around to create new and imaginative dishes,† co-owner chef Stefan Stiller said in a statement. The conjunction and should separate two disparate identifying words or phrases associated with a person’s name: â€Å"‘Our idea and concept was to build a small place to entertain our friends and to have some foodies and chef friends around to create new and imaginative dishes,’ co-owner and chef Stefan Stiller said in a statement.† (A solidus, or slash, could be inserted to separate the terms, but this symbol should be avoided in formal writing.) An alternative is to use the person’s name to divide the identifying terms: â€Å"‘Our idea and concept was to build a small place to entertain our friends and to have some foodies and chef friends around to create new and imaginative dishes,’ co-owner Stefan Stiller, a chef, said in a statement,† However, it would be more appropriate to identify the speaker first as a chef and then as a co-owner. 2. FBI Criminal Investigation Division Deputy Assistant Director John Smith emphasized the potential for both the industry and regulators to benefit by improving collaboration. When a name is preceded by a cumbersome job title, and especially if that is preceded by a reference to the entity by which the person is employed, the information is easier to read if it follows the name and the train of terms is relaxed by beginning with the job title, followed by â€Å"of the† and the entity’s name: â€Å"John Smith, deputy assistant director of the FBI’s Criminal Investigation Division, emphasized the potential for both the industry and regulators to benefit by improving collaboration.† (Note that the job title is not capitalized when it does not precede the person’s name.) 3. The Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists Fifteenth Annual Anti-Money Laundering and Financial Crime Conference begins on April 1. The same approach is appropriate when the name of a component of an entity or an event presented by an entity is combined with the name of the entity: â€Å"The fifteenth annual Anti-Money Laundering and Financial Crime Conference of the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists begins on April 1.† (Note that a reference to how many of these events have been held at regular intervals, such as â€Å"fifteenth annual,† is seldom part of an event’s official designation and therefore is usually not capitalized.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsUsed To vs. Use ToWriting a Thank You Note

How can time management increase efficiency Essay

How can time management increase efficiency - Essay Example Periodic events and periodic motion have been used as standard for units of time. The motion of sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, and the swing of a pendulum are all examples of such events. The unit of time interval is defined as a certain number of hyperfine transitions in Cesium atoms. Time is a prime motivation in astronomy. Time has economic value as people value time in terms of money. Time has social significance and time influences decisions in everyday life. Time has personal value as people are aware of the limited time that each one has at disposal in a human lifetime. A question that often arises in the mind is how does time flow? Is time understood only by those who have time? Is there no passage of time for beings that do not have mind? Can time be defined relative to the instrument that measures time? We perceive time as flowing in smooth and perpetual continuous motion. The passage of time appears to us humans as a flow. Can this flow change? Everything moves all the time. It was initially measured by the movements of the sun and the moon. The passage of time is measured by hours, days, weeks, months and years. According to physics, time is measured based on the revolutions and rotations of the planets or the heavenly bodies (Heller, 2006). The current time measurement can be dated back to the Sumerian civilization of approximately 2000 B.C. This is known as the Sumerian Sexagesimal System based on the number 60. There are sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes in an hour. Number twelve also has importance in the definition of time as there are twelve hours of the day and twelve hours of night. There are twelve months in a year. The passage of time is supposed to change us in significant ways. Human have been measuring time since the beginning of civilizations all over the world. In ancient days time was measured with the help of sundials placed above the doorways which could identify the mid-day

Medicare social insurance program in the US Essay

Medicare social insurance program in the US - Essay Example As a result, no savings on their behalf, and an increase in poverty levels. It is important to denote that insurance companies are always reluctant to offer insurance cover to the aged, the disabled, and other people suffering from chronic diseases. This is because they are viewed as high risk areas, and as such, the insurance company might suffer extensive losses through payments of premiums. On this basis therefore, medicare addresses this problem, through the pooling of resources whereby almost every American citizen pays for the program through the payroll taxes. By critically analyzing the market, this is the main aim that the federal government initiated the program, as such, there aren’t any other observable market inefficiencies that this program seeks to address. In regard to the paternalistic argument for the government involvement in this market, it is important to denote that the constitution provides to a right in affordable health care to all Americans. On this b asis, the government will only seek to carry out its functions in providing for people covered under medicare. This in turn will improve their health status, leading to the evolution of health individuals/ people. To determine if the program is successful or not, policy makers need to carry out surveys, asking the targets groups on whether they are benefitting from the programs or not. This people can provide this information, by identifying the various challenges that they are passing through, and how medical institutions are helping them overcame these challenges. There is also a need to carry out a research in the health institutions for purposes of identifying the effectiveness of the policy under... This paper critically evaluates the efficiency of the Medicare social insurance program and attempts to find economically viable alternative to Medicare. As for now, federal insurance contributions act provides the sources of financing this program. It allows the federal government to draw approximately 2.9% of the payroll taxes levied on workers and employers. Other sources of funding emanates from the premiums generated from people who have enrolled for medicare, and the general fund revenue of the federal government. The development of this policy has a number of economic arguments. Medicare helps to provide insurance against the costs that emanate from receiving health care. It is important to denote that the costs of accessing health care are what drive the Medicare program costs. There has been an increase in the cost of health, it is this increases that make the Medicare program expensive. If the government reduces these increases in the costs of accessing health care, then it is highly possible that the cost of running the medicare program will be low. The government manages to effectively implement this policy because of its availability of financial resources; as a result, there is a decrease in private health care insurers. An aspect referred to as crowd out. It can be denoted that because there isn’t enough competition for provision of this services, them the quality of health care provided might be compromised It is proposed to change the medicare system from a policy run by the government to private insurers

Big Changes With Minor Oversight Essays -- Social Media

One of the significant figures in human history the scientists Charles Darwin once commented, â€Å" In the long history of humankind those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed †(qtd.12most.com). This implies that success comes with collective efforts and using imagination. Similarly in order to have beneficial effects on something it is necessary to understand its interpretation. In the case of social media, it can be said that some people misunderstand its role in today’s life. Presently users live in new era of social media. As the role of the social media expanded and changed the view about connection, people started to change their pre historical habits and daily lives. Still some people argue against it. In the article â€Å"Faux Friendship†, William Deresiewicz asserts, that today people tend to make a lot of friends, without deep understanding of virtual sense of friendship and that representation of a real friend exti nguished. Author emphasizes the negative effects of social networks in human friendship. He explains how social networks have changed the view about friendship and how image of friendship has gradually transformed into a new form. Even though the tone of the article was negative towards social media, the initial purpose of the social media was not to change the meaning of friendship. It was used to post some information for the public, to get and transmit messages and exchange software (Rosen 189). Now, social media helps people to stay connected, to be informed (about current events), and to share their ideas. Despite the people’s misuse of the social media that could contribute to negative consequences, it plays a major role in the evolution of interpersonal relations of human be... ...macy.† TED.com. Nov 2009. Web. 05 March 2012. Callaway, Janet. â€Å"13 Great Social Media Quotes.†.Janetcallaway.com. n.d. Web. 20 March 2012. Deresiewicz, William. "Faux Friendship." Utne Reader: Alternative Coverage of Politics, Culture, and New Ideas. The Chronicle of Higher Education. n.d. Web. 11 March 2012. Park, Ryan. â€Å"Top 50 Social Media Quotes and Social Networking Quotes.† Theadventurous500.com. February 2012. Web. 20 March 2012. Shirky, Clay. â€Å"How Social Media Can Make History?† TED.com. June 2009. Web. 07 March 2012. Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age. New York: The Penguin Press, 2010. Print. Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Basic Books, 2011. Print. Thoreau, Henry. â€Å" Henry David Thoreau Quotes.† Brainyquote.com. n.d. Web. 20 March 2012. Big Changes With Minor Oversight Essays -- Social Media One of the significant figures in human history the scientists Charles Darwin once commented, â€Å" In the long history of humankind those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed †(qtd.12most.com). This implies that success comes with collective efforts and using imagination. Similarly in order to have beneficial effects on something it is necessary to understand its interpretation. In the case of social media, it can be said that some people misunderstand its role in today’s life. Presently users live in new era of social media. As the role of the social media expanded and changed the view about connection, people started to change their pre historical habits and daily lives. Still some people argue against it. In the article â€Å"Faux Friendship†, William Deresiewicz asserts, that today people tend to make a lot of friends, without deep understanding of virtual sense of friendship and that representation of a real friend exti nguished. Author emphasizes the negative effects of social networks in human friendship. He explains how social networks have changed the view about friendship and how image of friendship has gradually transformed into a new form. Even though the tone of the article was negative towards social media, the initial purpose of the social media was not to change the meaning of friendship. It was used to post some information for the public, to get and transmit messages and exchange software (Rosen 189). Now, social media helps people to stay connected, to be informed (about current events), and to share their ideas. Despite the people’s misuse of the social media that could contribute to negative consequences, it plays a major role in the evolution of interpersonal relations of human be... ...macy.† TED.com. Nov 2009. Web. 05 March 2012. Callaway, Janet. â€Å"13 Great Social Media Quotes.†.Janetcallaway.com. n.d. Web. 20 March 2012. Deresiewicz, William. "Faux Friendship." Utne Reader: Alternative Coverage of Politics, Culture, and New Ideas. The Chronicle of Higher Education. n.d. Web. 11 March 2012. Park, Ryan. â€Å"Top 50 Social Media Quotes and Social Networking Quotes.† Theadventurous500.com. February 2012. Web. 20 March 2012. Shirky, Clay. â€Å"How Social Media Can Make History?† TED.com. June 2009. Web. 07 March 2012. Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age. New York: The Penguin Press, 2010. Print. Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Basic Books, 2011. Print. Thoreau, Henry. â€Å" Henry David Thoreau Quotes.† Brainyquote.com. n.d. Web. 20 March 2012.

Unique memory

Each individual has unique memory for oneself shared with no one else in the world. Such memory makes one different from others. Therefore I am curious to know what memory is. Right now I am Just a bundle of â€Å"memories† in my mind and body. Psychology defines it as a process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. But is memory limited to the define domain? If so, how do millions of atoms that could be flying through the cells randomly stay to gather in a double helix structure in order to create a DNA molecule in a way so that it is unique to every vying creature on earth?It is difficult to explain this without knowing how memory truly works. Memory must be evolving at a much deeper level,perhaps even from the physical level and could manifest into chemical, biological and psychological levels. Perhaps physics has an explanation. Memory could be more fundamental than physics, and as a result memory can help us understand physics better. This notion may dra stically transform the way we have been looking at physical aspects of the universe. This shift In thought among physicist is because of their Inability to explain the random nature of elementary articles.KM (Quantum mechanics) the most successful theory In physics, can Just give us the probability to find a particle In a given location and time. The Idea that nature Is inherently probabilistic–that particles have only Likelihood, until they are observed– Is directly Implied by the standard equation of KM. This Is the central problem In KM. Element rejected this Idea by saying, † I am convinced God does not play dice†. He believed there must be some hidden variable or property of the particle that gives rise to such weird behavior.After nearly 100 years, a few physicist are at the verge of proving that there could be hidden variables associated with elementary particles. They call It â€Å"path memory†, because particles seems to carry the ‘mem ory† of the path they have traveled and the Interaction they have undergone along the path. Therefore two electrons that are Identical In terms of all known physical properties need no react to an experiment the same way because their path memories can be different. I can now say that atoms carrying unique combination of path memories stick together to form my DNA, defining who I am.Memory could be the basis and rolling of everything-Who knows, one day we might even prove that â€Å"empty space† Itself can hold memory. MEMORY By Capricorn been looking at physical aspects of the universe. This shift in thought among physicist is because of their inability to explain the random nature of elementary KM (Quantum mechanics) the most successful theory in physics, can Just give us the probability to find a particle in a given location and time. The idea that nature is inherently probabilistic–that particles have only likelihood, until they are observed– s directl y implied by the standard equation of KM.This is the central problem in KM. Einstein rejected this idea by saying, † I am convinced God does not play dice†. Hidden variables associated with elementary particles. They call it â€Å"path memory†, the interaction they have undergone along the path. Therefore two electrons that are identical in terms of all known physical properties need no react to an experiment together to form my DNA, defining who I am. Memory could be the basis and origin of everything. Who knows, one day we might even prove that â€Å"empty space† itself can

King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love

King Edward VIII did something that monarchs do not have the luxury of doing —  he fell in love. King Edward was in love with Mrs. Wallis Simpson, not only an American but also a married woman already once divorced. However, in order to marry the woman he loved, King Edward was willing to give up the British throne —  and he did, on December 10, 1936. To some, this was the love story of the century. To others, it was a scandal that threatened to weaken the monarchy. In reality, the story of King Edward VIII and Mrs. Wallis Simpson never fulfilled either of these notions; instead, the story is about a prince who wanted to be like everyone else. Prince Edward Growing Up: The Struggle Between Royal and Common King Edward VIII was born Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David on June 23, 1894, to the Duke and Duchess of York (the future King George V and Queen Mary). His brother Albert was born a year and a half later, soon followed by a sister, Mary, in April 1897. Three more brothers followed: Harry in 1900, George in 1902, and John in 1905 (died at age 14 from epilepsy). Though his parents surely loved Edward, he thought of them as cold and distant. Edwards father was very strict which caused Edward to fear every call to his fathers library since it usually meant punishment. In May 1907, Edward, only 12  years old, was shipped off to the Naval College at Osborne. He was at first teased because of his royal identity but soon garnered acceptance because of his attempt to be treated like any other cadet. After Osborne, Edward continued on to Dartmouth in May 1909. Though Dartmouth was also strict, Edwards stay there was less harsh. During the night of May 6, 1910, King Edward VII, Edwards grandfather who had been outwardly loving to Edward, passed away. Thus, Edwards father became king and Edward became the heir to the throne. In 1911, Edward became the twentieth Prince of Wales. Besides having to learn some Welsh phrases, Edward was to wear a particular costume for the ceremony. [W]hen a tailor appeared to measure me for a fantastic costume . . . of white satin breeches and a mantle and surcoat of purple velvet edged with ermine, I decided things had gone too far. . . . [W]hat would my Navy friends say if they saw me in this preposterous rig? 1 Though it is surely a natural feeling of teenagers to want to fit in, this feeling continued to grow in the prince. Prince Edward began to deplore being set on a pedestal or worshipped - anything that treated him as a person requiring homage.2 As Prince Edward later wrote in his memoirs: And if my association with the village boys at Sandringham and the cadets of the Naval Colleges had done anything for me, it was to make me desperately anxious to be treated exactly like any other boy of my age. 3 World War I In August 1914, when Europe became embroiled in World War I, Prince Edward asked for a commission. The request was granted and Edward was soon posted to the 1st Battalion of the Grenadier Guards. The prince. however, was soon to learn that he was not going to be sent to battle. Prince Edward, extremely disappointed, went to argue his case with Lord Kitchener, the Secretary of State for War. In his argument, Prince Edward told Kitchener that he had four younger brothers who could become heir to the throne if he were killed in battle. While the prince had given a good argument, Kitchener stated that it was not Edward being killed that prevented him from being sent into battle, but rather, the possibility of the enemy taking the prince as prisoner.4 Though posted far from any battle (he was given a position with Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, Sir John French), the prince did witness some of the horrors of the war. And while  he wasnt fighting on the front, Prince Edward won the respect of the common soldier for wanting to be there. Edward Likes Married Women Prince Edward was a very good-looking man. He had blonde hair and blue eyes and a boyish look on his face that lasted his entire life. Yet, for some reason, Prince Edward preferred married women. In 1918, Prince Edward met Mrs. Winifred (Freda), Dudley Ward. Despite the fact that they  were about the same age (23), Freda had been married for five years when they met. For 16 years, Freda was Prince Edwards mistress. Edward also had a long-time relationship with Viscountess Thelma Furness. On January 10, 1931, Lady Furness hosted a party at her country house, Burrough Court, where, in addition to Prince Edward, Mrs. Wallis Simpson and her husband Ernest Simpson were invited. It was at this party the two first met. Prince Edward was soon to be infatuated with Mrs. Simpson; however, she didnt make a big impression on Edward at their first meeting. Mrs. Wallis Simpson Becomes Edwards Only Mistress Four months later, Edward and Mrs. Wallis Simpson met again and seven months after that the prince had dinner over at the Simpsons house (staying until 4 a.m.). And though Wallis was a frequent guest of Prince Edwards for the next two years, she was not yet the only woman in Edwards life. In January 1934, Thelma Furness made a trip to the United States, entrusting Prince Edward to the care of Wallis in her absence. Upon Thelmas return, she found that she was no longer welcome in Prince Edwards life - even her phone calls were refused. Four months later, Mrs. Dudley Ward was similarly cut out of the princes life. Mrs. Wallis Simpson was then the princes single mistress. Who Was Mrs. Wallis Simpson? Mrs. Wallis Simpson has become an emotional figure in history. Along with this, many descriptions of her personality and motives for being with Edward have caused some extremely negative descriptions; the nicer ones range from witch to seductress. So who really was Mrs. Wallis Simpson? Mrs. Wallis Simpson was born Wallis Warfield on June 19, 1896, in Maryland, United States. Though Wallis came from a distinguished family in the United States, in the United Kingdom being an American was not highly regarded. Unfortunately, Walliss father died when she was only five months old and left no money;  thus his widow was forced to live off the charity given to her by her late husbands brother. As Wallis grew into a young woman, she was not necessarily considered pretty.5  However,  Wallis had a sense of style and pose that made her distinguished and attractive. She had radiant eyes, good complexion and fine, smooth black hair which she kept parted down the middle for most of her life. Wallis First and Second Marriages On November 8, 1916, Wallis Warfield married Lieutenant Earl Winfield (Win) Spencer, a pilot for the U.S. Navy. The marriage was reasonably good until the end of  World War I, as it was with  many ex-soldiers who became bitter at the inconclusiveness of the war and had difficulty adapting back to civilian life. After the armistice, Win began to drink heavily and also became abusive. Wallis eventually left Win and lived six years by herself in Washington. Win and Wallis werent yet divorced and when Win begged her to rejoin him, this time in China where he had been posted in 1922, she went. Things seemed to be working out until Win started drinking again. This time Wallis left him for good and sued for a divorce, which was granted in December 1927. In July 1928, only six months after her divorce, Wallis married Ernest Simpson, who worked in the family shipping business. After their marriage, they settled down in London. It was with her second husband that Wallis was invited to social parties and invited to Lady Furnesss house where she first met Prince Edward. Who Seduced Whom? While many blame Mrs. Wallis Simpson for seducing the prince, it seems rather more likely that she was herself seduced by the glamor and power of being close to the heir of Britains throne. At first, Wallis was just glad to have become included in the princes circle of friends. According to Wallis, it was in August 1934 that their relationship became more serious. During that month, the prince took a cruise on Lord Moynes yacht, the  Rosaura. Although both Simpsons were invited, Ernest Simpson could not accompany his wife on the cruise because of a business trip to the United States. It was on this cruise, Wallis stated, that she and the prince crossed the line that marks the indefinable boundary between friendship and love.6 Prince Edward became increasingly infatuated with Wallis. But did Wallis love Edward? Again, many people have said that she did not and that she was a calculating woman who either wanted to be a queen or who wanted money. It seems more probable that while  she was not infatuated with Edward, she loved him. Edward Becomes King At five minutes to midnight on January 20, 1936, King George V, Edwards father, passed away. Upon King George Vs death, Prince Edward became King Edward VIII. To many, Edwards grief over his fathers death seemed much greater than the grieving of his mother or his siblings. Though death affects people differently, Edwards grief might have been greater for his fathers death also signified his acquisition of the throne, complete with the responsibilities and eminence that he deplored. King Edward VIII didnt win many supporters at the beginning of his reign. His first act as the new king was to order the Sandringham clocks, which were always a half an hour fast, set to the correct time. This symbolized to many a king who was to deal with the trivial and who rejected his fathers work. Still, the government and the people of Great Britain had high hopes for King Edward. He had seen war, traveled the world, been to every part of the  British empire, seemed sincerely interested in social problems, and had a good memory. So what went wrong? Many things. First, Edward wanted to change many of the rules and become a modern monarch. Unfortunately, this caused Edward to distrust many of his advisors because he saw them as symbols and perpetrators of the old order. He dismissed many of them. Also, in an effort to reform and curb monetary excesses, he cut the salaries of many royal staff employees to an extreme degree. Employees became unhappy. The king also began to be late or cancel appointments and events at the last minute. State papers that were sent to him were not protected, some statesmen worried that German spies had access to these papers. At first, these papers were returned promptly, but soon it would be weeks before they were returned, some of which had obviously not even been looked at. Wallis Distracted the King One of the main reasons he was late or canceled events was because of Mrs. Wallis Simpson. His infatuation with her had grown so extreme that he was severely distracted from his State duties. Some thought she might be a German spy handing State papers over to the German government. The relationship between King Edward and Mrs. Wallis Simpson came to an impasse when the king received a letter from Alexander Hardinge, the kings private secretary, that warned him that the press would not remain silent much longer and that the government might resign en masse if this continued. King Edward was faced with three options: give up Wallis, keep Wallis and government would resign, or abdicate and give up the throne. Since King Edward had decided that he wanted to marry Mrs. Wallis Simpson (he told Walter Monckton that he had decided to marry her as early as 1934), he had little choice but to abdicate.7 King Edward VIII Abdicates Whatever her original motives, until the end, Mrs. Wallis Simpson didnt mean for the king to abdicate. Yet the day soon came when King Edward VIII was to sign the papers that would end his rule. At 10 a.m. on December 10, 1936, King Edward VIII, surrounded by his three surviving brothers, signed the six copies of the Instrument of Abdication: I, Edward the Eighth, of  Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Emperor of India, do hereby declare My irrevocable determination to renounce the Throne for Myself and for My descendants, and My desire that effect should be given to this Instrument of Abdication immediately. 8 The Duke and Duchess of Windsor At the moment of King Edward VIIIs abdication, his brother Albert, the next in line for the throne, became King George VI  (Albert was the father of Queen Elizabeth II). On the same day as the abdication, King George VI bestowed upon Edward the family name of Windsor. Thus, Edward became the Duke of Windsor and when he married, Wallis became the Duchess of Windsor. Mrs. Wallis Simpson sued for a divorce from Ernest Simpson, which was granted, and Wallis and Edward married in a small ceremony on June 3, 1937. To Edwards great sorrow, he received a letter on the eve of his wedding from King George VI stating that by abdicating, Edward was no longer entitled to the title Royal Highness. But, out of generosity for Edward, King George was going to allow Edward the right to hold that title, but not his wife or any children. This greatly pained Edward for the rest of his life, for it, was a slight to his new wife. After the abdication, the Duke and Duchess were exiled from Great Britain. Although a number of years had not been established for the exile, many believed it would only last a few years; instead, it lasted their entire lives. Royal family members shunned the couple. The Duke and Duchess lived out most of their lives in France with the exception of a short term in the Bahamas as governor. Edward passed away on May 28, 1972, a month shy of his 78th birthday. Wallis lived for 14  more years, many of which were spent in bed, secluded from the world. She passed away on April 24, 1986, two months shy of 90. 1. Christopher Warwick,  Abdication  (London: Sidgwick Jackson, 1986) 29.2. Warwick,  Abdication  30.3. Warwick,  Abdication  30.4. Warwick,  Abdication  37.5. Paul Ziegler,  King Edward VIII: The Official Biography  (London: Collins, 1990) 224.6. Warwick,  Abdication  79.7. Ziegler,  King Edward  277.8. Warwick,  Abdication  118. Sources: Bloch, Michael (ed).  Wallis Edward: Letters 1931-1937.  London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1986. Warwick, Christopher.  Abdication. London: Sidgwick Jackson, 1986. Ziegler, Paul.  King Edward VIII: The Official Biography. London: Collins, 1990.